Relative Clause

We can use relative clauses to join two English sentences, or to give more information about something.

I bought a new car. It is very fast.
→ I bought a new car that is very fast.

She lives in New York. She likes living in New York.
→ She lives in New York, which she likes.
Defining and Non-defining

A defining relative clause tells which noun we are talking about:

    I like the woman who lives next door.
    (If I don't say 'who lives next door', then we don't know which woman I mean).

A non-defining relative clause gives us extra information about something. We don't need this information to understand the sentence.

    I live in London, which has some fantastic parks.
    (Everybody knows where London is, so 'which has some fantastic parks' is extra information).
We can use 'who', 'which' or 'that'. We use 'who' for people and 'which' for things. We can use 'that' for people or things.

The relative clause can come after the subject or the object of the sentence. We can't drop the relative pronoun.

For example (clause after the object of the sentence):

    I'm looking for a secretary who / that can use a computer well.
    She has a son who / that is a doctor.
    We bought a house which / that is 200 years old.
    I sent a letter which / that arrived three weeks later.

More examples (clause after the subject of the sentence):

    The people who / that live on the island are very friendly.
    The man who / that phoned is my brother.
    The camera which / that costs £100 is over there.
    The house which / that belongs to Julie is in London.

Try an exercise where the relative pronoun is the subject here.

2: The relative pronoun is the object:

Next, let's talk about when the relative pronoun is the object of the clause. In this case we can drop the relative pronoun if we want to. Again, the clause can come after the subject or the object of the sentence. Here are some examples:
(Clause after the object)

    She loves the chocolate (which / that) I bought.
    We went to the village (which / that) Lucy recommended.
    John met a woman (who / that) I had been to school with.
    The police arrested a man (who / that) Jill worked with.

(Clause after the subject)

    The bike (which / that) I loved was stolen.
    The university (which / that) she likes is famous.
    The woman (who / that) my brother loves is from Mexico.
    The doctor (who / that) my grandmother liked lives in New York.

    Try an exercise where the relative pronoun is the object here
    Try an exercise about defining relative clauses, both subject and object here
    Try another exercise about defining relative clauses here

Sumber: http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/relative-clauses.html


Exercise 37  :  Relative Clauses
Page  138

1.   The last record which was produced by this company became a gold record.
2.   Checking account which require a minimum balance are very common now.
3.   The professor to whom you spoke yesterday is not here today.
4.   John whose grades are the highest in the school has received a scholarship.
5.   Felipe bought a camera that has three lenses.
6.   Frank is the man whom we are going to nominate for the office of treasurer.
7.   The doctor is with a patient whose leg was broken in an accident.
8.   Jane is the women who is going to China next year.
9.   Janet wants a typewriter that self-corrects.
10. This book that i found last week contains some useful information.
11. Mr.Bryant whose team has lost the game looks very sad.
12. James wrote an article whom indicated that he disliked the president.
13. The director of the program who graduated from Harvard University is planning to retire next year.
14. This is the book  that i have been looking for all year.
15. William whose brother is a lawyer wants to become a judge.

Exercise 38  :  Relative Clause Reduction
Page 139

1.   George is the man chosen to represent the committee at the convention.
2.   All of the money accepted has already been released.
3.   The papers on the table belong to Patricia.
4.   The man brought to the police station confessed to the crime.
5.   The girl drinking coffee is Mary Allen.
6.   John's wife, a professor, has written several papers on this subject.
7.   The man talking to the police man is my uncle.
8.   The book on the top shelf is the one that i need.
9.   The number of students having been counted is quite high.
10. Leo Evans, a doctor, eats in the restaurant every day.